📘 PGDCA Semester I - 1PGDCA1

Fundamentals of Computers & Information Technology

Course Code: 1PGDCA1

Subject: Fundamentals of Computers & IT

Medium: Mix Hindi + English

🔹 अध्याय 1: Introduction to Computers

What is a Computer? — Computer ek electronic device hai jo data ko input karta hai, process karta hai aur output deta hai. It works on IPO cycle: Input → Process → Output.

🧠 Characteristics of Computers:

• Speed (गति)
• Accuracy (सटीकता)
• Automation (स्वचालन)
• Storage (संग्रह क्षमता)
• Diligence (कभी थकता नहीं)

🔹 अध्याय 2: Classification of Computers

• By Size: Micro, Mini, Mainframe, Supercomputer
• By Purpose: General Purpose, Special Purpose
• By Type: Analog, Digital, Hybrid

🔹 अध्याय 3: Generation of Computers

Computers ki development 5 generation me hui hai:

1. First Generation – Vacuum Tubes
2. Second Generation – Transistors
3. Third Generation – IC (Integrated Circuits)
4. Fourth Generation – Microprocessors
5. Fifth Generation – AI & Quantum Computing

🔹 अध्याय 4: Number System

Computer number system ko use karta hai — jaise:

• Binary (Base 2)
• Decimal (Base 10)
• Octal (Base 8)
• Hexadecimal (Base 16)

Conversions: Binary to Decimal, Decimal to Binary, etc.

🔹 अध्याय 5: Input and Output Devices

Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, MIC, Webcam

Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector

🔹 अध्याय 6: Memory

• Primary Memory: RAM, ROM
• Secondary Memory: Hard Disk, CD/DVD, Pen Drive
• Cache Memory, Virtual Memory

🔹 अध्याय 7: Software

• System Software: Operating System (Windows, Linux)
• Application Software: MS Office, Tally, Photoshop
• Utility Programs & Language Translators

🔹 अध्याय 8: Data & Information

Data: Raw facts (जैसे नाम, अंक)

Information: Processed data (जैसे रिपोर्ट, ग्राफ)

🔹 अध्याय 9: IT in Daily Life

• IT in Education
• IT in Banking & Finance
• IT in Communication (E-mail, Chat, Video call)
• IT in E-Governance

📘 Conclusion:

यह अध्याय विद्यार्थियों को कंप्यूटर और IT की मूलभूत जानकारी देता है जो आगे के सभी विषयों की नींव है।

👉 अगला अध्याय जल्द ही पोस्ट किया जाएगा।